Distribution, standing stock, growth, mortality and production of Strongylocentrotus pallidus (sea urchin) in the northern Barents Sea.

Metadata also available as [Questions & Answers] - [Parseable text] - [XML] - [DIF]

Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bodil Bluhm

Publication_Date: 1998

Title:

Distribution, standing stock, growth, mortality and production of Strongylocentrotus pallidus (sea urchin) in the northern Barents Sea.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Polar Biology
Issue_Identification: 20:325-334

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: na
Publisher: Springer

Other_Citation_Details: na

Online_Linkage: na

Description:

Abstract:: The regular sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus pallidus, (G.O.Sars, 1871) is a widespread epibenthic species in high-Arctic waters. However, little is known about its distribution, standing stock, population dynamics and production. In the northern Barents Sea, S. pallidus was recorded on seabed still photographs at 10 out of 11 stations in water depths of 80-300 m. Mean abundances along photographic transects of 150-300 m length ranged between <0.1 and 14.7 ind. m-2 yielding a grand average of 3.6 ind. m-2. The small-scale distribution along the transects was patchy, with densities varying from nil to an overall maximum of 25.5 ind. m-2, and exhibited a significant relation to the number of stones present. Sea urchin test diameters, measured on scaled photographs, extended from 7 to 90 mm. Median values at single stations varied from 14 to 46 mm, showing a significant inverse relationship to water depth. Biomass, estimated by combining photographic abundances, size frequencies and a size-mass function established with trawled specimens, ranged between <0.1 and 3.0 g ash-free dry mass m-2, averaging about 1.0 g ash-free dry mass m-2. An analysis of skeletal growth bands in genital plates was carried out with 143 trawled individuals ranging in test diameter (D) from 4 to 48 mm. Assuming these bands to represent annual growth marks, the ages of the specimens analysed ranged between 3 and 42 years. A von Bertalanffy function was fitted to size-at-age data to model individual growth pattern (D∞ = 102.3 mm, k = 0.011 year-1, t0 = 0.633 year). The annual mortality rate Z of the population in the northern Barents Sea was estimated from a size-converted catch curve to be 0.08 year-1. Applying the weight-specific growth rate method, the average P/B ratio and the mean annual production of this population were estimated as 0.07 year-1 and 0.076 g AFDM m-2 year-1, respectively. In conclusion, S. pallidus is characterized by slow growth, low mortality, high longevity and low productivity. Because of its relatively high biomass, it is considered to contribute significantly to total benthic standing stock and carbon flux in the study area.
Purpose:: Describe distribution, standing stock, population dynamics and production of Strongylocentrotus pallidus in the northern Barents Sea.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19910713
Ending_Date: 19910724

Currentness_Reference: 1998

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Barents Sea

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 27.23333
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.01667
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 80.96667
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 77.466667

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: abundance
Theme_Keyword: biomass
Theme_Keyword: distribution
Theme_Keyword: arctic biodiversity
Theme_Keyword: zoobenthos
Theme_Keyword: sea urchin
Theme_Keyword: production
Theme_Keyword: standing stock
Theme_Keyword: Growth

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: IOOS Core Variables
Theme_Keyword: Version 1
Theme_Keyword: Biology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: IOOS National Backbone Programs
Theme_Keyword: Version 1
Theme_Keyword: Alaska Ocean Observing System

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Core Variable Map
Theme_Keyword: Biology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: AOOS Data Services
Theme_Keyword: Version 1
Theme_Keyword: dsid=ARCOD
Theme_Keyword: db=arcod
Theme_Keyword: archive=2007/0000026
Theme_Keyword: collectioncode=2007B3

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ArcOD Data Services
Theme_Keyword: Shortname=BenthosBarentsSeaPolarstern1991
Theme_Keyword: CollectionCode=2007B3

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Arctic
Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Barents Sea

Taxonomy:

Keywords/Taxon:

Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Taxonomic_Keywords: Strongylocentrotus pallidus
Taxonomic_Keywords: Sea urchin
Taxonomic_Keywords: single species

Taxonomic_System:

Classification_System/Authority:

Classification_System_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Unknown
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Classification_System_Modifications: ITIS

Taxonomic_Procedures:

Identification by the number of wedges of spicules; shape of globiferous and tridentate pedicellaria; test color; spine color, arrangement and size. Based on the following references: Vasseur (1951,1952), Swan (1962), Jensen (1974), Vader et al. (1986) and Gagnon and Gilkinson (1994).

Taxonomic_Completeness:

Strongylocentrotus pallidus identified to species. Taxonomic tree was produced with ITIS.

General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Single species

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom

Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum

Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinodermata

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum

Taxon_Rank_Value: Eleutherozoa

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass

Taxon_Rank_Value: Cryptosyringida

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Class

Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoidea

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass

Taxon_Rank_Value: Euechinoidea

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder

Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinacea

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Order

Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoida

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Family

Taxon_Rank_Value: Strongylocentrotidae

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus

Taxon_Rank_Value: Strongylocentrotus

Taxonomic_Classification:

Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Strongylocentrotus pallidus

Access_Constraints:

None. Contacting data owners is recommended for valid interpretation of these data.

Use_Constraints:

Do not redistribute to third parties. When not provided by authors, taxonomic information was completed using ITIS (e.g. in many cases for ORDER).

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dieter Piepenburg and Bodil Bluhm
Contact_Organization: Institute of Ecology

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing
Address: Institute for Polar Ecology, Kiel University
Address: Wischhofstr. 1to 3, Building 12
City: Kiel
State_or_Province: Schleswig Holstein
Postal_Code: 24148
Country: Germany

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dpiepenburg@ipoe.uni-kiel.de

Data_Set_Credit:

Bundesminister fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (grants 03F0568A and 03PL019B), Germany.

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Excel, MacIntosh

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dieter Piepenburg

Publication_Date: Unknown

Title:

On the composition of the benthic fauna of the western Fram Strait

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Doctoral Thesis
Issue_Identification:

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

For an example of specimen databases, use and applications: Graham, C. H., S. Ferrier, F. Huettmann, C. Moritz and A.T. Peterson

Publication_Date: 2004

Title:

New developments in museum-based informatics and applications in biodiversity analysis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:497-503

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Polar Biology
Issue_Identification: 28: 218-231

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bluhm,B; Piepenburg, D; von Juterzenka, K

Publication_Date: 1998

Title:

Distribution, standing stock, growth, mortality and production of Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the northern Barents Sea.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Polar Biology
Issue_Identification: 20:325-334

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Bluhm, B.

Publication_Date: 1997

Title:

Zur Oekologie der regulaeren Seeigel im noerdlichen Barentsmeer.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Master Thesis Institute of Polar Ecology, University of Kiel
Issue_Identification:

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kiel, Germany
Publisher: University of Kiel

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dieter Piepenburg, Michael Schmid

Publication_Date: 1996

Title:

Brittle star fauna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of the Arctic northwest Barents Sea: composition, abundance, biomass and spatial distribution.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Polar Biology
Issue_Identification: 16:383-392

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:: Specimens smaller than 1mm in diameter could not be resolved from the photographs.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The same procedure was used at all sites; findings should be consistent.

Completeness_Report:

Only S. pallidus was identified from photographs, other taxa were ignored. Minimum size detectable from photographs was 1mm.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

GPS locations taken from ship log. Latitude longitude by: degrees, minutes with two digits

Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.00
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:: GPS locations taken from ship log. Latitude longitude by: degrees, minutes with two digits

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field and lab

Methodology_Description:

Photographs were taken by a photoprobe 1.5 m from sea floor, between 5 and 20 m apart, along transects of 150-300 m in length. 35-73 color slides per station were taken, each depicting approximately 1 m2 of seabed. Size scale was obtained by placing a compass of known size on the sea floor in the picture. Urchins were also collected from trawl and dredge catches during Polarstern ARK VIII/2 expedition and R/V Lance ICE-Bar II expedition. Specimens were preserved in 4% borax-buffered formaldehyde-seawater solution.

Methodology_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Piepenburg and Juterzenka 1994
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title: Standard procedures used in the discipline
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:
Other_Citation_Details: see also Piepenburg 1988 PhD Thesis

Process_Step:

Process_Description:: Abundance, body size and biomass: Photographs were analyzed for density, small-scale distribution pattern and body size- frequencies. Small-scale distribution was parameterized with the patchiness index suggested by Lloyd (1967). Station mean biomass was computed by combining station specific mean abundances and size frequencies. Body size-mass function was established by drying preserved trawled urchins for 24 h at 60°C and 24 h burning at 520°C in a muffle furnace. Hard substrate (stones) information was qualitatively recorded (absent, few, some, many, cover most of seabed).
Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0
Longitude_Resolution: 0
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: BenthosBarentsSeaPolarstern1991
Entity_Type_Definition: This data set is a flat XML file, derived from an Excel file
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Phylum
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between kingdom and class in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CLASS
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between phylum and order in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ORDER
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between class and family in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FAMILY
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between order and genus in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GENUS
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between family and species in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SPECIES
Attribute_Definition:: Smallest taxonomic unit categorizing living things in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OBSERVEDINDIVIDUALCOUNT
Attribute_Definition: Mean Abundance of specimens per 1m2
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OBSERVEDWEIGHT
Attribute_Definition: gram ash free dry mass of specimens per m2
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LATITUDE
Attribute_Definition:: Geographic latitude (degrees, minutes, seconds). <http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/convertDMS>
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TOTALDEPTH
Attribute_Definition: Depth of the bottom where the sample was taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition:: Geographic longitude (degrees, minutes, seconds). <http://www.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/convertDMS>
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DATE
Attribute_Definition: Date when the sample was taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: REGIONCODE
Attribute_Definition: Area where the sample was taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SUBSAMPLENO
Attribute_Definition: Number of sub-samples
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DEPTHRANGE
Attribute_Definition:: Depth range of equipment deployment, in this case depth of sediment layer sampled in meters.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDDAY COLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: End day during which specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDJULIANDATE
Attribute_Definition:: In multi-day sampling: End day of the year this specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDLATITUDE
Attribute_Definition: Latitude at which scientists deboarded vessel.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDLONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition: Longitude at which scientists deboarded vessel.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDMONTHCOLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: End month during which specimen was collected
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDTIMEOFD
Attribute_Definition: End time of day specimen was collected; not taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ENDYEARCOLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: End year of period in which specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FAMILY
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between order and genus in the Linnean system.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FIELDNUMBER
Attribute_Definition:: NA, no specific number of specimen/sample collected while in the field was assigned.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GENUS
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between family and species in the Linnean system, following ITIS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: GMLFEATURE
Attribute_Definition: NA
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: IDENTIFIED
Attribute_Definition: Name of individual who identified specimen.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: INSTITUTION OF ID
Attribute_Definition:: Affiliation of individual who identified specimen. Some individuals are located elsewhere.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: JULIANDAY
Attribute_Definition:: Day of the year this specimen was collected (Jan 1 is day 1) <http://www.onlineconversion.com/day_week_number.htm>
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: KINGDOM
Attribute_Definition:: Highest ranking or organisms in the standard Linnean system, following ITIS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LATITUDE
Attribute_Definition: The geographic latitude at which this specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Hemisphere
Attribute_Definition: Northern (positive) or southern hemisphere (negative)
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LIFESTAGE
Attribute_Definition: Life stage of specimen (larva, juvenile, adult)
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LOCALITY
Attribute_Definition: Name of geographic locality specimen was sampled in
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition:: The geographic longitude at which this specimen was collected (western is negative, eastern is positive)
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Hemisphere
Attribute_Definition: Western or eastern hemisphere
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MAXIMUMDEP
Attribute_Definition: Maximum depth of equipment deployment
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MAXIMUMELE
Attribute_Definition: NA, was not recorded
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MINIMUMDEP
Attribute_Definition: Minimum depth of equipment deployment
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MINIMUMELE
Attribute_Definition: NA, was not records
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MONTHCOLLEC
Attribute_Definition:: Month of the year in which the specimen was collected in the field
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: MONTHIDENTI
Attribute_Definition: The month of the year in which the specimen ws identified.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: NOTES
Attribute_Definition:: Additional information; here we used the reference of the scientific publication based on these data.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OBSERVEDINDCOUNT
Attribute_Definition: mean number of individuals counted in photographs of station.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OBSERVEDWEIGHT
Attribute_Definition: mean station biomass in grams ash-free dry mass
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: OBSERVER
Attribute_Definition: The person who took the sample.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ORDER
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between class and family in the Linnean system, following ITIS
Attribute_Definition_Source:

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PHYLUM
Attribute_Definition:: Taxonomic category between kingdom and class in the Linnean system, following ITIS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Platform
Attribute_Definition: Ship name
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PREPARATIO
Attribute_Definition: NA
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: PREVIOUSCATNO
Attribute_Definition: Number of previous catalogue; not applied
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RECORDURL
Attribute_Definition: NA, no URL was created for the record.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RELATEDCAT
Attribute_Definition: Related catalogue number; not used
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: RELATIONSH
Attribute_Definition: Related catalogue number; not used
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SCIENTIFIC
Attribute_Definition: Full Scientific name (currently not filled out)
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SEX
Attribute_Definition: Sex of specimen
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SOURCE
Attribute_Definition: research vessel on which sampling was conducted
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SPECIES
Attribute_Definition:: Smallest taxonomic unit categorizing living things in the Linnean system, following ITIS.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SPECIMEN LOCATION
Attribute_Definition: Location where specimen is stored
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: START_ENDCOORDPREC
Attribute_Definition:: Precision of 4 decimals lat lon; was not reported. Ship log could provide help.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTDAYCOLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: Start day during which specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTJULIAN DATE
Attribute_Definition:: In multi-day sampling: Beginning day of the year this specimen was collected (Jan 1 is day 1).
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTLATITUDE
Attribute_Definition: Latitude at which scientists boarded vessel.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTLONGITUDE
Attribute_Definition: Longitude at which scientists boarded vessel.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTMONTHCOLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: Start month during which specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTTIMEO
Attribute_Definition: Start time of day specimen was collected; not taken
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STARTYEARCOLLECTED
Attribute_Definition: Start year of period in which specimen was collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: STATEPROVINCE
Attribute_Definition: State or province where the specimen was sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Station
Attribute_Definition: A point at which one sample was taken.
Attribute_Definition_Source: Universityu of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SUBGENUS
Attribute_Definition: Taxonomic sub category of genus, following ITIS
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SUBSPECIES
Attribute_Definition: NA, subspecies were not assigned for benthos
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TEMPERATUR
Attribute_Definition: Water temperature at sample depth
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TIMEOFDAY
Attribute_Definition:: NA, the time was not taken when specimen was collected; log books of ship cranes might be of help.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TIMEZONE
Attribute_Definition: Time zone used when this location was sampled.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TYPESTATUS
Attribute_Definition: Status of the type specimen of this species.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: YEARCOLLEC
Attribute_Definition: The year in which the specimen was collected in the field.
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: YEARIDENTI
Attribute_Definition: The year in which specimen was identified
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Dayofyear
Attribute_Definition: <http://www.onlineconversion.com/day_week_number.htm>
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Individualcount
Attribute_Definition:: mean abundance individuals m-2 (as derived from the camera, uncorrected for detecatbility)
Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska Fairbanks

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: ARCOD#2007B3#2007b3_data.csv
Entity_Type_Definition:: OBIS data file based on ArcOD data set defined by collectioncode 2007B3
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ArcOD

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: datelastmodified

Attribute_Definition:

ISO 8601 compliant stamp indicating the date and time in UTC(GMT) when the record was last modified. Example: the instant "November 5, 1994, 8:15:30 am, US Eastern Standard Time" would be represented as "1994-11-05T13:15:30Z"

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: institutioncode

Attribute_Definition:

A "standard" code identifier that identifies the institution to which the collection belongs. No global registry exists for assigning institutional codes. Use the code that is "standard" in your discipline.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: collectioncode

Attribute_Definition:

A unique alphanumeric value which identifies the collection within the institution.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: catalognumber

Attribute_Definition:

A unique alphanumeric value which identifies an individual record within the collection. It is recommended that this value provides a key by which the actual specimen can be identified. If the specimen has several items such as various types of preparation, this value should identify the individual component of the specimen.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: scientificname

Attribute_Definition:

The full name of lowest level taxon the Catalogued Item can be identified as a member of; includes genus name, specific epithet, and subspecific epithet (zool.) or infraspecific rank abbreviation, and infraspecific epithet (bot.) Use name of suprageneric taxon (e.g., family name) if Catalogued Item cannot be identified to genus, species, or infraspecific taxon.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: basisofrecord

Attribute_Definition:

A descriptive term indicating whether the record represents an object or observation. Examples: PreservedSpecimen- A physical object representing one or more organisms, part of organism, or artifact of an organism. synonyms: voucher, collection, lot. FossilSpecimen- A physical object representing one or more fossil organisms, part of fossil organism, or artifact of a fossil organism. LivingSpecimen- An organism removed from its natural occurrence and now living in captivity or cultivation. HumanObservation- A report by a known observer that an organism was present at the place and time. MachineObservation- A report by a monitoring device that an organism was present at the place and time. StillImage- An photograph, drawing, painting. MovingImage- A sequence of still images taken at regular intervals and intended to be played back as a moving image; may include sound. SoundRecording- An audio recording. OtherSpecimen- Any type of specimen not covered by any of the categories above.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: kingdom

Attribute_Definition:

Highest ranking or organisms in the standard Linnean system, following ITIS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: phylum

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic category between kingdom and class in the Linnean system, following ITIS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: class

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic category between phylum and order in the Linnean system.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: order

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic category between class and family in the Linnean system, following ITIS

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: family

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic category between order and genus in the Linnean system.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: genus

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic category between family and species in the Linnean system, following ITIS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: species

Attribute_Definition:

Smallest taxonomic unit categorizing living things in the Linnean system, following ITIS.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: scientificnameauthor

Attribute_Definition:

The author of a scientific name. Author string as applied to the accepted name. Can be more than one author (concatenated string). Should be formatted according to the conventions of the applicable taxonomic discipline.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: identifiedby

Attribute_Definition:

The name(s) of the person(s) who applied the currently accepted Scientific Name to the Catalogued Item.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: yearidentified

Attribute_Definition:

The year portion of the date when the Collection Item was identified; as four digits [-9999..9999], e.g., 1906, 2002.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: collector

Attribute_Definition:

The name(s) of the collector(s) responsible for collection the specimen or taking the observation

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: yearcollected

Attribute_Definition:

The year (expressed as an integer) in which the specimen was collected. The full year should be expressed (e.g. 1972 must be expressed as "1972" not "72").

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.2:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: monthcollected

Attribute_Definition:

The month of year the specimen was collected from the field. Possible values range from 01...12 inclusive.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.2:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 12
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: month

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: daycollected

Attribute_Definition:

The day of the month the specimen was collected from the field. Possible value ranges from 01..31 inclusive

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.2:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 31
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: day

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: julianday

Attribute_Definition:

Day of the year this specimen was collected (Jan 1 is day 1) <http://www.onlineconversion.com/day_week_number.htm>

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: timeofday

Attribute_Definition:

NA, the time was not taken when specimen was collected; log books of ship cranes might be of help.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: continentocean

Attribute_Definition: The continent or ocean from which a specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.2:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: country

Attribute_Definition:

The country or major political unit from which the specimen was collected. ISO 3166-1 values should be used. Full country names are currently in use. A future recommendation is to use ISO3166-1 two letter codes or the full name when searching.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: locality

Attribute_Definition: Name of geographic locality specimen was sampled in

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: longitude

Attribute_Definition:

The geographic longitude at which this specimen was collected (western is negative, eastern is positive)

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: latitude

Attribute_Definition: The geographic latitude at which this specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: maximumdepth

Attribute_Definition:

The maximum distance in meters below the surface of the water at which the collection was made; all material collected was at most this deep. Positive below the surface, negative above (e.g. collecting above sea level in tidal areas).

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.2:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: individualcount

Attribute_Definition:

mean abundance individuals m-2 (as derived from the camera, uncorrected for detecatbility)

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska Fairbanks

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: source

Attribute_Definition: research vessel on which sampling was conducted

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: citation

Attribute_Definition: Indicates how this record should be attributed if used

Attribute_Definition_Source: OBIS:<http://iobis.org/obis/obis.xsd>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startyearcollected

Attribute_Definition: Start year of period in which specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: endyearcollected

Attribute_Definition: End year of period in which specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startmonthcollected

Attribute_Definition: Start month during which specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: endmonthcollected

Attribute_Definition: End month during which specimen was collected

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startdaycollected

Attribute_Definition: Start day during which specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: enddaycollected

Attribute_Definition: End day during which specimen was collected.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startjulianday

Attribute_Definition:

For samples/observations/record events that were taken over time this gives the start ordinal day of the year for the collecting event; i.e., the number of days since January 1 of the same year. (January 1 is Julian Day 1.). Should be an integer from one to 365, i.e. of the form (([0-3][0-9][0-9)|([0-9][0-9)|([1-9])).

Attribute_Definition_Source: OBIS:<http://iobis.org/obis/obis.xsd>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 366
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: day

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: endjulianday

Attribute_Definition:

For samples/observations/record events that were taken over time this gives the end ordinal day of the year for the collecting event; i.e., the number of days since January 1 of the same year. (January 1 is Julian Day 1.). Should be an integer from one to 365, i.e. of the form (([0-3][0-9][0-9)|([0-9][0-9)|([1-9])).

Attribute_Definition_Source: OBIS:<http://iobis.org/obis/obis.xsd>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 366
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: day

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startlongitude

Attribute_Definition: Longitude at which scientists boarded vessel.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska.

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: startlatitude

Attribute_Definition: Latitude at which scientists boarded vessel.

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: temperature

Attribute_Definition:

The temperature recorded with the collection/record event. Is assumed to be taken at the collection depth. Expressed in degrees Celsius.

Attribute_Definition_Source: OBIS:<http://iobis.org/obis/obis.xsd>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: observedindividualcount

Attribute_Definition: Mean Abundance of specimens per 1m2

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: observedweight

Attribute_Definition: mean station biomass in grams ash-free dry mass

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: globaluniqueidentifier

Attribute_Definition:

A Uniform Resource Name (URN) as a unique identifier for the specimen or observation record. In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one in the form: “[InstitutionCode]:[CollectionCode]: [CatalogNumber]” Examples: 1) urn:lsid:nhm.ku.edu:Herps:32 2) “FMNH:Mammal:145732”

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: authoryearofscientificname

Attribute_Definition:

The author of the ScientificName and the year of publication, if known. More than one author can be listed in a concatenated string. Should be formatted with parentheses and year according to the conventions of the applicable NomenclaturalCode.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.4:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: waterbody

Attribute_Definition:

The full, unabbreviated name of the body of water in or over which the organism was collected or observed.

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.4:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: collectingmethod

Attribute_Definition:

The name of, reference to, or brief description of the method or protocol under which the collecting event occurred. Examples: "UV light trap", "mist net", "bottom trawl".

Attribute_Definition_Source:

GBIF:DwC1.4:<http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreVersions>

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: dayofyear

Attribute_Definition: <http://www.onlineconversion.com/day_week_number.htm>

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Alaska

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: unique_sample_id

Attribute_Definition:

Unique sample id across all submitted data collections. Used for internal use.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Alaska Ocean Observing System

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: ob

Attribute_Definition:

Using various DwC columns, this value is the UTC (formerly Greenwich Mean Time - GMT) of the collection time of the sample. Used for internal use. Time format is: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Optional partial seconds may be indicated using SS.sss.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Alaska Ocean Observing System

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: stationnumber

Attribute_Definition: undefined

Attribute_Definition_Source: undefined

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined; free text

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Bodil Bluhm, Dieter Piepenburg
Contact_Organization:: University of Alaska Fairbanks (Bluhm), Institute of Ecology (Piepenburg)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing
Address:: 245 O’Neill Bldg, Fairbanks AK 99775 (Bluhm), Institute for Polar Ecology, Kiel University Wischhofstr. 1 to 3, Building 12 (Piepenburg)
City: Fairbanks (Bluhm) Kiel (Piepenburg)
State_or_Province: Alaska (BLuhm), Schleswig Holstein (Piepenburg)
Postal_Code: 99775 (Bluhm), 24148 (Piepenburg)
Country: USA (Bluhm), Germany (Piepenburg)

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bluhm@ims.uaf.edu, dpiepenburg@ipoe.uni-kiel.de

Distribution_Liability:

ArcOD shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data and related graphics (i.e. GIF or JPG format files) are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the original sources from which they were derived. It is the responsibility of the data user to use the data appropriately and consistent within the limitations of geospatial data in general and these data in particular. The related graphics are intended to aid the data user in acquiring relevant data; it is not appropriate to use the related graphics as data. ArcOD gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from an ArcOD server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. Although these data have been processed successfully on computer systems at ArcOD, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the utility of the data on other systems for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: EXCEL

ASCII_File_Structure:

Number_Header_Lines:
Orientation:
Case_Sensitive: false

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20070519

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Bodil Bluhm, Gayle Neufeld, Falk Huettmann
Contact_Organization: University of Alaska, Fairbanks

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:
Address:: 419 IRVING I, EWHALE lab,Institute of Arctic Biology, Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
City:
State_or_Province:
Postal_Code:

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

Metadata_Standard_Name:

FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

Generated by mp version 2.9.7 on Fri Nov 20 10:24:47 2009