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Salinity

Salinity is the number of dissolved salt ions (solutes) in water (solvent). Sodium and chloride are the most abundant ions in sea water, followed by magnesium, calcium and sulfate ions in significant quantities. Salinity will vary with temperature, depth the amount of coastal fresh water influence. Haloclines are zones with a sharp gradient in salinity. Depending on the amount of mixing in the water, the gradient will affect species distribution. Along Alaskan coasts glacial run-off forms a fresh water layer on top of sea water. This salinity gradient affects the stratification of the water column, and the timing and strength of plankton blooms. Salinity also affects physical processes such as oceanic fronts, and thermohaline circulation.

Arctic Ocean Surface Salinity from http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/pix/tools_and_data/gallery/cm24sss.png

For example of salinity data see the GlOBEC project at http://www.ims.uaf.edu/GLOBEC/results/S/SalinityMovie.html

AOOS is affiliated with the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the
University of Alaska Fairbanks School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences.
UAF is an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer and educational institution.

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